Xov xwm - Dab tsi yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm granites?

Dab tsi yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm granites?

Graniteyog lub pob zeb ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb sab av loj crust, Nws paub zoo li lub pob zeb liab, dawb, grey, thiab dub ornamental pob zeb.Nws yog ntxhib - mus rau medium-grained.Nws peb lub ntsiab minerals yog feldspar, quartz, thiab mica, uas tshwm sim li silvery muscovite los yog tsaus biotite los yog ob qho tib si.Ntawm cov zaub mov no, feldspar predominates, thiab quartz feem ntau suav rau ntau dua 10 feem pua.Cov alkali feldspars feem ntau yog liab, ua rau cov liab granite feem ntau siv los ua cov pob zeb zoo nkauj.Granite crystallizes los ntawm silica-nplua nuj magmas uas yog mais tob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb daim tawv nqaij.Ntau cov pob zeb hauv av tsim nyob ze crystallizing granite lub cev los ntawm hydrothermal cov ntsiab lus uas lub cev tso tawm.

Kev faib tawm

Nyob rau sab sauv ntawm QAPF kev faib tawm ntawm plutonic pob zeb (Streckeisen, 1976), granite teb yog txhais los ntawm modal muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm quartz (Q 20 - 60%) thiab P / (P + A) piv ntawm 10 thiab 65. Granite teb muaj ob thaj chaw: syenogranite thiab monzogranite.Tsuas yog pob zeb projecting nyob rau hauv lub syenogranite yog suav hais tias yog granites nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Anglo-Saxon.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyob sab Europe, pob zeb projecting nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si syenogranite thiab monzogranite yog hu ua granites.Lub monzogranite sub-field muaj adamellite thiab quartz monzonite nyob rau hauv cov kev faib tawm laus.Lub Subcommission rau Pob Zeb Cassification pom zoo tshaj plaws tsis ntev los no tsis lees paub lub sij hawm adamellite thiab rau npe raws li quartz monzonite tsuas yog cov pob zeb projecting nyob rau hauv lub quartz monzonite teb sensu stricto.

Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Qhov nruab nrab thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm granite, los ntawm qhov hnyav feem pua,

Raws li 2485 tsom xam:

SiO2 72.04% (silica)
Al2O3 14.42% (Alumina)
K2O 4.12%
Na2O 3.69%
CaO 1.82%
FeO yog 1.68%
Fe2O3 1.22%
MgO yog 0.71%
TiO2 0.30%
P2O5 0.12%
MnO yog 0.05%

Nws ib txwm muaj cov minerals quartz thiab feldspar, nrog los yog tsis muaj ntau yam ntawm lwm yam minerals (cov khoom siv ntxiv).Lub quartz thiab feldspar feem ntau muab granite ib lub teeb xim, xws li pinkish mus rau dawb.Lub teeb tom qab xim yog cim los ntawm cov khoom siv tsaus nti.Yog li classic granite muaj "ntsev-thiab kua txob" saib.Cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws yog cov dub mica biotite thiab dub amphibole hornblende.Yuav luag tag nrho cov pob zeb no yog igneous (nws solidified los ntawm ib tug magma) thiab plutonic (nws ua li ntawd nyob rau hauv ib tug loj, tob faus lub cev los yog pluton).Kev npaj tsis sib xws ntawm cov nplej hauv granite - nws tsis muaj ntaub - yog pov thawj ntawm nws plutonic keeb kwm.Pob zeb nrog tib yam muaj pes tsawg leeg li granite tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntev thiab khaus metamorphism ntawm cov pob zeb sedimentary.Tab sis hom pob zeb no muaj cov ntaub muaj zog thiab feem ntau hu ua granite gneiss.

Ceev + Melting Point

Qhov nruab nrab ceev ntawm nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2.65 thiab 2.75 g / cm3, nws lub zog compressive feem ntau yog siab tshaj 200 MPa, thiab nws cov viscosity ze STP yog 3–6 • 1019 Pa·s.Melting kub yog 1215-1260 ° C.Nws muaj qhov tsis zoo thawj permeability tab sis muaj zog theem nrab permeability.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Granite Pob Zeb

Nws pom nyob rau hauv loj plutons nyob rau hauv lub continents, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas lub ntiaj teb lub crust tau tob eroded.Qhov no ua rau kev txiav txim siab, vim tias granite yuav tsum ua kom qeeb qeeb ntawm qhov chaw faus tob kom ua cov pob zeb loj loj.Plutons me dua 100 square kilometers hauv cheeb tsam yog hu ua stocks, thiab loj dua hu ua batholiths.Lavas tawg thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, tab sis lava nrog tib lub ntsiab lus xws li granite (rhyolite) tsuas yog tawg ntawm cov teb chaws.Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias granite yuav tsum tsim los ntawm melting ntawm continental pob zeb.Qhov ntawd tshwm sim rau ob qho laj thawj: ntxiv cua sov thiab ntxiv cov volatiles (dej lossis carbon dioxide lossis ob qho tib si).Cov teb chaws kuj kub heev vim tias lawv muaj feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov uranium thiab potassium, uas ua rau lawv qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg.Txhua qhov chaw uas cov crust thickened yuav kub sab hauv (piv txwv li hauv Tibetan Plateau).Thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm phaj tectonics, feem ntau yog subduction, tuaj yeem ua rau basaltic magmas nce hauv qab teb chaws.Ntxiv rau qhov cua sov, cov magmas tso CO2 thiab dej, uas pab cov pob zeb ntawm txhua yam yaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Nws tau xav tias ntau ntawm basaltic magma tuaj yeem plastered rau hauv qab ntawm ib sab av loj hauv cov txheej txheem hu ua underplating.Nrog rau kev tso tawm qeeb ntawm cov cua sov thiab cov kua dej los ntawm cov basalt, ntau qhov av loj tuaj yeem tig mus rau granite tib lub sijhawm.

Nws nyob qhov twg?

Txog tam sim no, nws paub tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws raws li ib feem ntawm lub continental crust.Cov pob zeb no muaj nyob rau hauv me me, cov khoom zoo li cov khoom tsawg dua 100 km², lossis hauv cov pob zeb uas yog ib feem ntawm cov roob orogenic.Ua ke nrog rau lwm lub teb chaws thiab cov pob zeb sedimentary, feem ntau tsim lub hauv paus hauv av nqes hav.Nws kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv lacolites, trenches thiab thresholds.Raws li nyob rau hauv granite muaj pes tsawg leeg, lwm yam pob zeb variations yog alpids thiab pegmatites.Adhesives nrog finer particle loj dua tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm granite tawm tsam.Ntau granular pegmatites ntau dua li granite feem ntau sib faib granite deposits.

Granite siv

Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tau tsim cov pyramids los ntawm granites thiab limestones.
Lwm yam kev siv nyob rau hauv Egypt thaum ub yog txhua kab, qhov rooj lintels, sills, moldings thiab phab ntsa thiab pem teb npog.
Rajaraja Chola Lub Chola Dynasty nyob rau sab qab teb Is Nrias teb, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th AD nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Tanjore nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, ua lub ntiaj teb thawj lub tuam tsev tag nrho granite.Lub Tuam Tsev Brihadeeswarar, ua rau Tswv Shiva, tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1010.
Nyob rau hauv Roman faj tim teb chaws, granite tau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv thiab monumental architectural lus.
Nws feem ntau yog siv los ua pob zeb loj.Nws yog raws li abrasions, tau ua lub pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig vim nws cov qauv uas lees txais cov tawv thiab glossy thiab polish kom nqa tau qhov hnyav.
Nws yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw sab hauv rau polished granite slabs, vuas, rooj zaum, pobzeb pem teb, stair treads thiab ntau lwm yam tswv yim thiab zoo nkauj nta.

Niaj hnub

Siv rau tombstones thiab monuments.
Siv rau flooring hom phiaj.
Cov engineers tau ib txwm siv polished granite nto daim hlau los tsim lub dav hlau siv vim tias lawv yog cov impermeable thiab tsis hloov tau.

Kev tsim khoom ntawm Granite

Nws yog mined thoob ntiaj teb tab sis feem ntau cov xim txawv yog muab los ntawm granite deposits hauv Brazil, India, Tuam Tshoj, Finland, South Africa thiab North America.Lub pob zeb mining no yog cov peev txheej thiab kev ua haujlwm hnyav.Cov pob zeb granite raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov tso nyiaj los ntawm kev txiav lossis txau cov haujlwm.Cov hlais tshwj xeeb yog siv los txiav cov granite-extracted pieces rau hauv portable daim hlau, uas yog ces packed thiab thauj los ntawm rail los yog shipping kev pab cuam.Tuam Tshoj, Brazil thiab Is Nrias teb yog cov ua lag luam granite nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb.

Xaus

Pob zeb hu ua "dub granite" feem ntau yog gabbro uas muaj cov qauv tshuaj sib txawv kiag li.
Nws yog lub pob zeb ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb continental crust.Hauv cov cheeb tsam loj uas hu ua batholiths thiab hauv cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm cov teb chaws hu ua shields muaj nyob hauv cov tub ntxhais ntawm ntau thaj chaw roob.
Mineral crystals qhia tias nws maj mam txias los ntawm cov khoom siv pob zeb molten uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm ntev.
Yog hais tias cov granite raug nthuav tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo, nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov nce ntawm granite pob zeb thiab yaig ntawm cov pob zeb sedimentary saum toj no.
Nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb sedimentary, granites, metamorphosed granites lossis lwm cov pob zeb feem ntau yog hauv qab no.Lawv tom qab lub npe hu ua pob zeb hauv qab daus.
Cov lus txhais siv rau granite feem ntau ua rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm pob zeb thiab qee zaum ua rau tsis meej pem.Qee zaum muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus siv.Muaj peb txoj hauv kev los txhais cov granite.
Ib chav kawm yooj yim ntawm pob zeb, nrog rau granite, mica thiab amphibole cov zaub mov, tuaj yeem piav qhia tias yog ntxhib, lub teeb, magmatic pob zeb uas muaj feem ntau ntawm feldspar thiab quartz.
Tus kws tshaj lij pob zeb yuav txhais cov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm pob zeb, thiab cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau yuav tsis siv granite los txheeb xyuas lub pob zeb tshwj tsis yog nws ua tau raws li qee feem pua ntawm cov ntxhia.Lawv tuaj yeem hu nws alkaline granite, granite, pegmatite lossis aplite.
Kev lag luam txhais tau siv los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom feem ntau hu ua pob zeb granular uas nyuaj dua granite.Lawv tuaj yeem hu ua granite ntawm gabro, basalt, pegmatite, gneiss thiab ntau lwm pob zeb.
Nws feem ntau txhais tau tias yog "lub pob zeb loj" uas tuaj yeem txiav rau qee qhov ntev, qhov dav thiab tuab.
Granite muaj zog txaus los tiv thaiv feem ntau abrasions, hnyav hnyav, tiv taus huab cua thiab txais cov kua roj vanish.Lub pob zeb tsim nyog thiab siv tau zoo heev.
Txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm granite yog ntau dua li tus nqi rau lwm cov khoom siv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, nws suav hais tias yog cov khoom siv muaj koob npe siv los cuam tshuam rau lwm tus vim nws txoj kev zoo nkauj, ua haujlwm ntev thiab zoo.