Niaj hnub no, nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam semiconductor, kev kuaj IC, ua qhov txuas tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov chips, nws qhov tseeb thiab kev ruaj khov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov chips thiab kev sib tw ntawm kev lag luam. Raws li cov txheej txheem tsim khoom chip txuas ntxiv mus rau 3nm, 2nm thiab txawm tias cov nodes siab dua, cov kev cai rau cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv kuaj IC tau dhau los ua nruj dua. Cov hauv paus granite, nrog lawv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo, tau dhau los ua "tus khub kub" tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv kuaj IC. Dab tsi yog cov laj thawj kev txawj ntse nyob tom qab qhov no?
I. Qhov "Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm Ua Tau" ntawm Cov Hauv Paus Ib Txwm
Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj IC, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov chip pins, kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub teeb liab, thiab lwm yam ntawm nanoscale. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau ib txwm muaj (xws li hlau cam khwb cia thiab hlau) tau ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv kev siv.
Ntawm ib sab tes, qhov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog qhov siab heev, feem ntau siab dua 10 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃. Cov cua sov tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm IC kuaj cov khoom siv lossis txawm tias me ntsis hloov pauv hauv qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nthuav dav thermal thiab contraction ntawm lub hauv paus hlau. Piv txwv li, lub hauv paus hlau cam khwb cia 1-meter tuaj yeem nthuav dav thiab contraction txog li 100μm thaum qhov kub hloov pauv los ntawm 10 ℃. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntev no txaus kom tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov kev sim probe nrog cov pins chip, ua rau muaj kev sib cuag tsis zoo thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xeem.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus hlau tsis zoo, ua rau nws nyuaj rau siv lub zog co uas tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv sai sai. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sim teeb liab zaus siab, kev sib tsoo me me tas mus li yuav ua rau muaj suab nrov ntau, ua rau qhov yuam kev ntawm kev sim kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov teeb liab ntau dua 30%. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv hlau muaj kev cuam tshuam magnetic siab thiab yooj yim sib txuas nrog cov teeb liab electromagnetic ntawm cov khoom siv sim, ua rau muaj kev poob tam sim no thiab cov teebmeem hysteresis, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas qhov tseeb.
II. Lub "Lub Zog Hardcore" ntawm Granite Bases
Kev ruaj khov thermal kawg, tso lub hauv paus rau kev ntsuas kom meej
Granite yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov pob zeb siv lead ua xws li quartz thiab feldspar los ntawm kev sib txuas ionic thiab covalent. Nws cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion yog qis heev, tsuas yog 0.6-5 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃, uas yog kwv yees li 1 / 2-1 / 20 ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Txawm tias qhov kub hloov pauv los ntawm 10 ℃, qhov nthuav dav thiab kev cog lus ntawm 1-meter-ntev granite puag yog tsawg dua 50 nm, yuav luag ua tiav "xoom deformation". Lub caij no, qhov thermal conductivity ntawm granite tsuas yog 2-3 W / (m · K), uas yog tsawg dua 1/20 ntawm cov hlau. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev coj cua sov ntawm cov khoom siv, khaws qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus sib xws, thiab xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev sim probe thiab lub chip ib txwm tswj hwm qhov chaw sib piv tas li.
2. Kev tswj hwm kev co muaj zog heev tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig kuaj ruaj khov
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua tsis zoo thiab cov qauv ciam teb ntawm cov noob hauv granite ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tso tawm lub zog muaj zog, nrog rau qhov piv ntawm damping txog li 0.3-0.5, uas yog ntau dua rau npaug ntawm cov hlau. Cov ntaub ntawv sim qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev co ntawm 100Hz, lub sijhawm txo qis ntawm cov granite hauv paus tsuas yog 0.1 vib nas this, thaum lub hauv paus hlau cam khwb cia yog 0.8 vib nas this. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov granite hauv paus tuaj yeem tam sim ntawd txo cov kev co los ntawm cov khoom siv pib thiab kaw, kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, thiab lwm yam, thiab tswj qhov loj ntawm kev co ntawm lub platform sim hauv ± 1μm, muab kev lees paub ruaj khov rau qhov chaw ntawm nanoscale probes.
3. Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv magnetic ntuj, tshem tawm kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic
Granite yog ib yam khoom siv diamagnetic uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam magnetic ntawm kwv yees li -10 ⁻⁵. Cov electrons sab hauv muaj nyob ua khub hauv cov tshuaj sib txuas thiab yuav luag tsis muaj polarized los ntawm cov teb magnetic sab nraud. Hauv ib puag ncig magnetic muaj zog ntawm 10mT, qhov muaj zog magnetic ntawm qhov chaw ntawm granite yog tsawg dua 0.001mT, thaum qhov ntawd ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia yog siab txog ntau dua 8mT. Cov khoom tiv thaiv magnetic ntuj no tuaj yeem tsim ib puag ncig ntsuas huv rau cov khoom siv kuaj IC, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic sab nraud xws li cov motors ua haujlwm thiab RF teeb liab. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb rau cov xwm txheej kuaj uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau lub suab nrov electromagnetic, xws li cov chips quantum thiab cov ADCs / Dacs siab.
Qhov thib peb, daim ntawv thov ua tau tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg nkaus
Cov kev coj ua ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab semiconductor tau ua pov thawj tag nrho txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hauv paus granite. Tom qab lub tuam txhab tsim khoom siv kuaj semiconductor nto moo thoob ntiaj teb tau siv cov hauv paus granite hauv nws lub platform kuaj 5G chip siab kawg, nws tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg nkaus: qhov tseeb ntawm daim npav soj ntsuam tau nce ntxiv los ntawm ± 5μm mus rau ± 1μm, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xeem tau txo qis 70%, thiab qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis raug ntawm ib qho kev xeem tau poob qis los ntawm 0.5% mus rau 0.03%. Lub caij no, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tswj hwm kev co yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem pib qhov kev xeem yam tsis tas tos kom qhov kev co ploj mus, ua rau lub voj voog xeem luv dua 20% thiab ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim khoom txhua xyoo ntau dua 3 lab wafers. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus granite muaj lub neej ntev dua 10 xyoo thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntau zaus. Piv nrog cov hauv paus hlau, nws cov nqi tag nrho tau txo qis ntau dua 50%.
Qhov thib plaub, hloov kho rau cov qauv kev lag luam thiab coj kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev siv tshuab kuaj
Nrog rau kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom siab heev (xws li Chiplet) thiab kev nce ntawm cov teb tshiab xws li quantum computing chips, qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv kev sim IC yuav txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv. Cov hauv paus granite kuj tseem niaj hnub tsim kho tshiab thiab txhim kho. Los ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheem saum npoo kom txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev hnav lossis los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog piezoelectric ceramics kom ua tiav kev them nyiaj vibration thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb thev naus laus zis, lawv tab tom txav mus rau qhov kev taw qhia meej dua thiab ntse dua. Yav tom ntej, lub hauv paus granite yuav txuas ntxiv tiv thaiv kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev lag luam semiconductor thiab kev txhim kho zoo ntawm "Suav chips" nrog nws cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev xaiv lub hauv paus granite txhais tau tias xaiv qhov kev daws teeb meem kuaj IC uas raug dua, ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Txawm hais tias nws yog kev kuaj chip txheej txheem tam sim no lossis kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, lub hauv paus granite yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-15-2025