Qhov sib txawv ntawm ceramics thiab precision ceramics

Qhov sib txawv ntawm ceramics thiab precision ceramics

Cov hlau, cov khoom siv organic, thiab cov khoom siv av nplaum yog hu ua "peb yam khoom tseem ceeb". Lo lus Ceramics tau hais tias tau los ntawm Keramos, lo lus Greek rau av nplaum raug hlawv. Chiv thawj hu ua ceramics, tsis ntev los no, lo lus ceramics tau pib siv los hais txog cov khoom tsis yog hlau thiab cov khoom tsis muaj organic suav nrog cov khoom siv refractory, iav, thiab cement. Vim li cas saum toj no, ceramics tam sim no tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog "cov khoom uas siv cov khoom tsis yog hlau lossis cov khoom tsis muaj organic thiab raug kho kub siab hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom".

Ntawm cov khoom siv ua los ntawm av nplaum, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ua haujlwm raug yog qhov xav tau rau cov khoom siv ua los ntawm av nplaum siv rau ntau yam kev lag luam, suav nrog kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no lawv hu ua "precision ceramics" kom piv rau cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj xws li av nplaum thiab silica. sib txawv. Cov khoom siv ua los ntawm av nplaum zoo yog cov khoom siv ua los ntawm av nplaum siab uas tsim los ntawm "cov khoom siv raw xaiv nruj lossis cov khoom siv synthesized" los ntawm "cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tswj hwm nruj" thiab "cov tshuaj lom neeg kho kom zoo".

Cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom sib txawv heev
Cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv cov khoom siv ceramics yog cov zaub mov ntuj, thiab cov uas siv hauv cov khoom siv ceramics yog cov ntaub ntawv huv si heev.

Cov khoom siv ceramic muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tawv siab, tiv taus cua sov zoo heev, tiv taus corrosion, rwb thaiv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Ceramics, cov khoom siv refractory, iav, cement, precision ceramics, thiab lwm yam yog nws cov khoom sawv cev. Raws li cov yam ntxwv saum toj no, cov ceramics zoo muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab, hluav taws xob, optical, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab biochemical zoo dua, nrog rau cov haujlwm muaj zog dua. Tam sim no, precision ceramics tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw xws li semiconductors, tsheb, kev sib txuas lus xov xwm, tshuab kev lag luam, thiab kev kho mob. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ceramics ib txwm muaj xws li ceramics thiab cov ceramics zoo feem ntau nyob ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Cov ceramics ib txwm muaj yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov zaub mov ntuj xws li av nkos, feldspar, thiab av nplaum, thiab tom qab ntawd molding thiab hlawv lawv. Hauv kev sib piv, cov ceramics zoo siv cov khoom siv raw ntuj huv heev, cov khoom siv raw dag synthesized los ntawm kev kho tshuaj, thiab cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj nyob hauv xwm. Los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv raw saum toj no, cov khoom muaj cov khoom xav tau tuaj yeem tau txais. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov khoom siv raw uas tau npaj tseg lawm raug tsim los ua cov khoom muaj nqis ntxiv nrog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov loj me thiab muaj zog heev los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua tiav uas tswj tau zoo xws li kev txhaj tshuaj, hlawv, thiab sib tsoo.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv av nplaum:

1. Cov Khoom Siv Ua Los Ntawm Av nplaum Thiab Cov Khoom Uas Ua Los Ntawm Av nplaum

1.1 Cov khoom siv av nplaum

Ib lub thawv uas tsis muaj xim av uas ua los ntawm kev sib tov av nplaum, pwm nws thiab hlawv nws ntawm qhov kub qis (kwv yees li 800°C). Cov no suav nrog cov khoom siv av nplaum zoo li Jomon, cov khoom siv av nplaum zoo li Yayoi, cov khoom khawb tau los ntawm Middle thiab Near East hauv 6000 BC thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv tam sim no feem ntau yog cov lauj kaub paj xim av liab, cib liab, qhov cub, cov lim dej, thiab lwm yam.

1.2 Cov Khoom Siv Ua Av

Nws raug hlawv ntawm qhov kub siab dua (1000-1250 ° C) dua li cov khoom siv av nplaum, thiab nws muaj peev xwm nqus dej thiab yog cov khoom siv hlawv uas siv tom qab glazing. Cov no suav nrog SUEKI, RAKUYAKI, Maiolica, Delftware, thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no cov khoom siv dav dav yog cov khoom siv tshuaj yej, cov khoom siv rooj tog, cov khoom siv paj, cov vuas vov thiab lwm yam.

1.3 Cov Khoom Siv Porcelain

Ib yam khoom siv hluav taws dawb uas tau ua kom khov tag tom qab ntxiv silica thiab feldspar rau hauv av nplaum huv siab (lossis pob zeb av nplaum), sib tov, pwm, thiab hlawv. Siv cov xim ci ntsa iab. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm feudal (xyoo pua 7th thiab 8th) ntawm Tuam Tshoj xws li Sui Dynasty thiab Tang Dynasty thiab kis mus rau thoob ntiaj teb. Muaj feem ntau Jingdezhen, Arita ware, Seto ware thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv dav dav tam sim no feem ntau suav nrog cov tais diav, cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev, kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua, cov vuas dai kom zoo nkauj thiab lwm yam.

2. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

Nws yog pwm thiab hlawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis lwj thaum kub siab. Nws yog siv los tsim cov cub tawg rau kev smelting hlau, ua hlau thiab yaj iav.

3. Iav

Nws yog ib qho khoom amorphous uas tsim los ntawm kev ua kom sov thiab yaj cov khoom siv raw xws li silica, limestone thiab soda tshauv.

4. Cov cement

Ib qho hmoov uas tau los ntawm kev sib tov limestone thiab silica, calcining, thiab ntxiv gypsum. Tom qab ntxiv dej, cov pob zeb thiab xuab zeb raug lo ua ke los ua cov pob zeb ua vaj tse.

5. Kev Ua Lag Luam Ceramic Precision

Cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov av nplaum zoo yog cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ua los ntawm "siv cov hmoov khoom siv raw uas tau xaiv los yog tsim ua ke, kho kom zoo nkauj cov tshuaj sib xyaw" + "txheej txheem tsim khoom nruj me ntsis". Piv nrog cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov av nplaum ib txwm muaj, nws muaj cov haujlwm muaj zog dua, yog li nws tau siv dav hauv ntau yam kev siv xws li semiconductors, tsheb, thiab tshuab kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov av nplaum zoo tau raug hu ua cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov av nplaum tshiab thiab cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov av nplaum siab heev rau ib ntus.