Hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev tsim khoom raug thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo, lub tswv yim ntawm "qhov tseeb" yog qhov sib piv rau qhov tseeb ntawm koj cov cuab yeej ntsuas. Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev ntsuas no yog lub phaj granite. Feem ntau hu ua "tus tswv" ntawm lub khw muag tshuab lossis chaw kuaj xyuas, lub phaj granite muab lub dav hlau tseem ceeb uas txhua qhov kev ntsuas lwm yam raug piv. Yog tsis muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov, tiaj tus, thiab txhim khu kev qha, kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo dhau los ua tsis tau, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm dhau los ua qhov teeb meem ntawm kev kwv yees.
Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov phaj granite hauv kev ua kom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas, cov khoom siv lub cev uas ua rau lawv yog tus qauv kev lag luam, thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tswj hwm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb no.
Lub Hauv Paus ntawm Metrology: Vim li cas Granite?
Ua ntej nruab nrab xyoo pua 20th, hlau cam khwb cia yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov phaj nto. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam tau hloov mus rau granite, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog granite dub zoo, rau ntau qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas muaj keeb kwm hauv physics thiab material science.
1. Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Txo Kev Nyuaj Siab:
Granite yog ib yam khoom siv ntuj tsim uas tau tsim los ntau lab xyoo. Thaum nws raug rho tawm hauv av, qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas feem ntau ua rau cov hlau castings puas tsuaj tau ploj mus ntev lawm. Qhov kev txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntuj no txhais tau tias lub phaj granite uas tsim tau zoo yuav tsis warp lossis twist dhau sijhawm, muab lub dav hlau siv mus tas li.
Granite yog ib yam khoom siv ntuj tsim uas tau tsim los ntau lab xyoo. Thaum nws raug rho tawm hauv av, qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas feem ntau ua rau cov hlau castings puas tsuaj tau ploj mus ntev lawm. Qhov kev txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntuj no txhais tau tias lub phaj granite uas tsim tau zoo yuav tsis warp lossis twist dhau sijhawm, muab lub dav hlau siv mus tas li.
2. Cov Thermal Coefficient ntawm Kev Nthuav Dav:
Hauv kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, qhov kub yog qhov ua yuam kev tseem ceeb. Cov hlau nthuav dav thiab cog lus nrog qhov kub hloov pauv, uas tuaj yeem hloov qhov tiaj tiaj ntawm lub phaj nto. Granite muaj cov coefficient ntawm thermal nthuav dav qis dua piv rau hlau lossis hlau. Qhov no txhais tau tias txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav kuaj mob hloov pauv, lub phaj granite tseem ruaj khov, ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev ntsuas tseem sib xws thoob plaws hnub.
Hauv kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, qhov kub yog qhov ua yuam kev tseem ceeb. Cov hlau nthuav dav thiab cog lus nrog qhov kub hloov pauv, uas tuaj yeem hloov qhov tiaj tiaj ntawm lub phaj nto. Granite muaj cov coefficient ntawm thermal nthuav dav qis dua piv rau hlau lossis hlau. Qhov no txhais tau tias txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav kuaj mob hloov pauv, lub phaj granite tseem ruaj khov, ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev ntsuas tseem sib xws thoob plaws hnub.
3. Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Co:
Granite muaj cov khoom zoo heev uas ua rau nws ntub tau zoo—zoo li hlau li 10 npaug. Nws nqus tau cov kev co los ntawm ib puag ncig (xws li cov tshuab nyob ze lossis cov neeg taug kev), tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntsuas uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw.
Granite muaj cov khoom zoo heev uas ua rau nws ntub tau zoo—zoo li hlau li 10 npaug. Nws nqus tau cov kev co los ntawm ib puag ncig (xws li cov tshuab nyob ze lossis cov neeg taug kev), tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntsuas uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw.
4. Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab Kev Hnav Tsis Taus:
Nrog Mohs hardness ntawm kwv yees li 7, granite yog qhov tsis kam rau khawb thiab hnav. Tsis zoo li cov hlau phaj, uas tuaj yeem tsim burrs lossis tsa ntug thaum ntaus, granite feem ntau chip lossis 凹陷 (tog) thaum puas tsuaj. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb vim tias lub burr tsa ntawm lub phaj hlau tuaj yeem tsa ib feem thiab ua rau muaj kev ntsuas tsis raug, thaum lub chip me me hauv lub phaj granite feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig.
Nrog Mohs hardness ntawm kwv yees li 7, granite yog qhov tsis kam rau khawb thiab hnav. Tsis zoo li cov hlau phaj, uas tuaj yeem tsim burrs lossis tsa ntug thaum ntaus, granite feem ntau chip lossis 凹陷 (tog) thaum puas tsuaj. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb vim tias lub burr tsa ntawm lub phaj hlau tuaj yeem tsa ib feem thiab ua rau muaj kev ntsuas tsis raug, thaum lub chip me me hauv lub phaj granite feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig.
Kev Nkag Siab Txog Qib Calibration
Yuav kom paub tseeb tias qhov calibration raug, ib tug yuav tsum xaiv qhov qib ntawm cov phaj nto rau daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Tsis yog txhua daim granite phaj yog tsim sib npaug; lawv raug faib los ntawm lawv qhov kev kam rau siab, feem ntau ntsuas hauv lab ntawm ib nti lossis microns.
- Qib AA (lossis Qib 000): Qhov no yog qib siab tshaj plaws, feem ntau siv ua tus qauv siv hauv cov chaw kuaj ntsuas. Nws yog siv los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm lwm cov phaj saum npoo lossis cov ntsuas siab.
- Qib A (lossis Qib 00): Qib no yog tsim rau cov chav cuab yeej siv siab thiab cov chaw soj ntsuam. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev kuaj xyuas cov duab ntawm cov khoom siv Precision thiab kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej tes.
- Qib B (lossis Qib 0): Qhov no yog qib kev cob qhia tus qauv, siv rau kev teeb tsa dav dav, kev teeb tsa tshuab, thiab kev kuaj xyuas cov khoom uas qhov kev ua haujlwm raug siab heev tsis tseem ceeb.
Kev xaiv qib tsim nyog yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev ua kom koj cov txheej txheem calibration siv tau. Piv txwv li, siv lub phaj qib hauv chaw ua haujlwm los calibrate lub micrometer uas muaj qhov tseeb siab yuav ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev uas yuav ua rau tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm puas tsuaj.
Cov Txheej Txheem Calibration thiab Cov Qauv
Kev tswj qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv nruj, xws li ASME B89.3.7 lossis DIN 876. Cov qauv no txhais cov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tiaj tiaj raws li qhov loj ntawm lub phaj thiab nws qib.
Kev ntsuas tsis yog tsuas yog xyuas qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub phaj xwb; nws suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm qhov chaw. Cov kws kho tshuab feem ntau siv "txoj kev diagonal" lossis kev ntsuas qib hluav taws xob los kos duab ntawm lub phaj. Cov txheej txheem no txheeb xyuas txhua qhov chaw "siab" lossis "qis" uas tej zaum yuav tau tsim vim yog kev hnav lossis kev poob qis.
Rau kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis siab, qhov twg qhov kev kam rau siab nruj, qhov zaus ntawm kev kho kom raug kuj tseem ceeb. Ib lub phaj uas siv ntau hauv ib puag ncig tsim khoom yuav tsum tau kho dua txhua 6 txog 12 lub hlis, thaum lub phaj tseem ceeb hauv ib puag ncig tswj hwm yuav tsuas yog xav tau kev kuaj xyuas txhua 2 txog 3 xyoos.
Kev Txij Nkawm: Khaws Qhov Tseeb
Txawm tias lub phaj granite zoo tshaj plaws los yuav poob nws qhov tseeb yog tias tsis tau saib xyuas kom zoo. Lub phaj saum npoo yog ib qho cuab yeej ua haujlwm, tsis yog lub rooj ua haujlwm, thiab kev kho nws zoo li ntawd yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntev.
1. Kev Huv Si:
Ua ntej yuav ntsuas dab tsi, yuav tsum tau ntxuav qhov chaw ntawd. Cov hmoov av, roj, thiab cov hlau tawg tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov ntsuas nqa thiab ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev loj. Ib daim ntaub so yooj yim nrog daim ntaub huv thiab cov tshuaj yaj me me feem ntau txaus.
Ua ntej yuav ntsuas dab tsi, yuav tsum tau ntxuav qhov chaw ntawd. Cov hmoov av, roj, thiab cov hlau tawg tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov ntsuas nqa thiab ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev loj. Ib daim ntaub so yooj yim nrog daim ntaub huv thiab cov tshuaj yaj me me feem ntau txaus.
2. Kev Npog:
Thaum tsis siv, lub phaj yuav tsum tau npog nrog ntoo lossis yas tiv thaiv. Qhov no tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj, hmoov av, thiab tshav ntuj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cua sov tsis sib npaug.
Thaum tsis siv, lub phaj yuav tsum tau npog nrog ntoo lossis yas tiv thaiv. Qhov no tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj, hmoov av, thiab tshav ntuj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cua sov tsis sib npaug.
3. Kev Tig:
Kev hnav tsis tshua muaj qhov sib xws. Hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau siv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub phaj ntau dua li cov npoo. Txhawm rau kom lub phaj siv tau ntev dua thiab tswj tau qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho kev coj ua zoo los tig lub phaj 180 degrees tsis tu ncua (yog tias nws tsis tau teeb tsa tas mus li), kom ntseeg tau tias kev hnav tau faib sib npaug ntau dua thoob plaws qhov chaw.
Kev hnav tsis tshua muaj qhov sib xws. Hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau siv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub phaj ntau dua li cov npoo. Txhawm rau kom lub phaj siv tau ntev dua thiab tswj tau qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho kev coj ua zoo los tig lub phaj 180 degrees tsis tu ncua (yog tias nws tsis tau teeb tsa tas mus li), kom ntseeg tau tias kev hnav tau faib sib npaug ntau dua thoob plaws qhov chaw.
4. Tsis txhob muab khoom ntau dhau:
Txawm hais tias granite muaj zog, nws kuj tawg yooj yim. Yog tias ib yam khoom hnyav poob rau ntawm lub phaj, nws yuav ua rau lub phaj tawg lossis tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev txhawb nqa lub phaj tsuas yog ntawm nws cov ces kaum xwb yuav ua rau nws khoov tau thaum muaj kev thauj khoom hnyav. Kev txhawb nqa kom zoo, feem ntau yog siv peb lub ntsiab lus mounting system, ua kom lub phaj tiaj tiaj thaum muaj kev thauj khoom.
Txawm hais tias granite muaj zog, nws kuj tawg yooj yim. Yog tias ib yam khoom hnyav poob rau ntawm lub phaj, nws yuav ua rau lub phaj tawg lossis tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev txhawb nqa lub phaj tsuas yog ntawm nws cov ces kaum xwb yuav ua rau nws khoov tau thaum muaj kev thauj khoom hnyav. Kev txhawb nqa kom zoo, feem ntau yog siv peb lub ntsiab lus mounting system, ua kom lub phaj tiaj tiaj thaum muaj kev thauj khoom.
Xaus lus
Hauv kev nrhiav kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, lub phaj granite tseem yog ib tug phab ej uas tsis muaj leej twg paub. Nws yog tus saib xyuas qhov zoo uas ntsiag to, muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov thiab tiaj tus uas txhua qhov kev ua tau zoo nyob ntawm. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov khoom siv ntawm granite, xaiv qib kom raug, thiab ua raws li cov sijhawm calibration thiab kev saib xyuas zoo, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua kom lawv cov kev ntsuas yog qhov tseeb, lawv cov khoom sib pauv tau, thiab lawv lub koob npe nrov rau qhov zoo tseem zoo. Hauv lub ntiaj teb uas muaj kev nyuaj zuj zus, lub pob zeb granite yooj yim tseem yog tus qauv kawg ntawm qhov tseeb.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-07-2026