IHauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, qhov rov ua dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sim yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshawb pom kev tshawb fawb. Txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig lossis qhov yuam kev ntsuas yuav ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim, yog li ua rau qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov xaus ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis muaj zog. Nrog nws cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws, granite ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm kev sim hauv txhua yam los ntawm nws cov khoom siv mus rau kev tsim qauv, ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv tshawb fawb.
1. Isotropy: Tshem tawm cov qhov yuam kev uas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom nws tus kheej
Granite yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb siv lead ua xws li quartz, feldspar thiab mica sib npaug zos, qhia txog cov yam ntxwv isotropic ntuj. Cov yam ntxwv no qhia tau hais tias nws cov khoom siv lub cev (xws li qhov nyuaj thiab elastic modulus) yeej sib xws hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia thiab yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ntsuas vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sab hauv. Piv txwv li, hauv kev sim precision mechanics, thaum cov qauv raug muab tso rau ntawm lub platform granite rau kev sim thauj khoom, lub platform tus kheej deformation tseem ruaj khov tsis hais qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog siv, yog li ua kom zoo zam kev ntsuas yuam kev los ntawm anisotropy ntawm cov khoom siv kev taw qhia. Hauv kev sib piv, cov khoom siv hlau qhia txog anisotropy tseem ceeb vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev taw qhia siv lead ua thaum lub sijhawm ua, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev sib xws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sim. Yog li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv no ntawm granite ua kom muaj kev sib xws ntawm cov xwm txheej sim thiab tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv rov ua dua.
2. Kev ruaj khov ntawm thermal: Tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Cov kev sim tshawb fawb feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig. Txawm tias qhov kev hloov pauv me me ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv nthuav dav thiab cog lus, yog li cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas. Granite muaj qhov coefficient qis heev ntawm kev nthuav dav thermal (4-8 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃), uas tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia thiab ib feem peb ntawm cov hlau txhuas. Hauv ib puag ncig nrog qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv ntawm ± 5 ℃, qhov kev hloov pauv loj ntawm lub platform granite ib-meter ntev yog tsawg dua 0.04μm, uas yuav luag tsis quav ntsej. Piv txwv li, hauv kev sim cuam tshuam optical, kev siv cov platform granite tuaj yeem cais tawm qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam los ntawm kev pib thiab nres ntawm cov cua txias, yog li ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas laser wavelength thiab zam kev cuam tshuam fringe offsets vim yog thermal deformation, yog li lav qhov sib xws zoo thiab sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv.
Iii. Muaj peev xwm tswj kev co zoo heev
Hauv chav kuaj mob, ntau yam kev co (xws li kev siv cov khoom siv thiab kev txav mus los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm) yog cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim. Vim nws cov yam ntxwv damping siab, granite tau dhau los ua ib hom "kev thaiv ntuj". Nws cov qauv siv lead ua sab hauv tuaj yeem hloov pauv lub zog co mus rau hauv lub zog thermal sai sai, thiab nws qhov damping ratio siab txog li 0.05-0.1, uas zoo dua li cov khoom siv hlau (tsuas yog li 0.01). Piv txwv li, hauv kev sim scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), los ntawm kev siv lub hauv paus granite, ntau dua 90% ntawm kev co sab nraud tuaj yeem raug txo qis hauv 0.3 vib nas this xwb, ua kom qhov deb ntawm qhov probe thiab qhov chaw kuaj mob ruaj khov thiab yog li ua kom muaj kev sib xws ntawm cov duab atomically level. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib txuas lub platform granite nrog cov kab ke vibration cais xws li cua springs lossis magnetic levitation tuaj yeem txo qhov kev cuam tshuam oscillation mus rau qib nanometer, txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev sim.
Iv. Kev Ruaj Ntseg Tshuaj thiab Kev Ntseeg Siab Mus Ntev
Kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb feem ntau xav tau kev txheeb xyuas ntev thiab rov ua dua, yog li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov khoom siv ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Raws li cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, granite muaj qhov dav pH kam rau siab (1-14), tsis teb nrog cov tshuaj reagents acid thiab alkali, thiab tsis tso cov hlau ions. Yog li ntawd, nws tsim nyog rau cov chaw nyuaj xws li cov chaw kuaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov chav huv. Lub caij no, nws qhov nyuaj siab (Mohs hardness ntawm 6-7) thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo heev ua rau nws tsis yooj yim hnav thiab deformation thaum siv ntev. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tiaj tiaj ntawm lub platform granite uas tau siv rau 10 xyoo hauv ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb physics tseem tswj tau hauv ± 0.1μm / m, tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev muab cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha tas li.
Xaus lus, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm microstructure mus rau macroscopic kev ua tau zoo, granite tshem tawm ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam zoo xws li isotropy, zoo heev thermal stability, zoo vibration suppression peev xwm, thiab zoo heev tshuaj durability. Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb uas nrhiav kev ua kom raug thiab rov ua dua, granite, nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv, tau dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov ntaub ntawv tseeb thiab txhim khu kev qha.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-24-2025