Hauv lub ntiaj teb kev tsim khoom uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, qhov twg txawm tias qhov sib txawv ntawm micrometer tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb lossis kev ua tau zoo tsis zoo, ib lub cuab yeej sawv tsis muaj kev sib tw ua qhov siv tau zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov tseeb: lub phaj granite qib 00. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv hauv dav hlau mus rau kev sim qaug zog ntawm cov thav duab tsheb kauj vab, cov pob zeb no tau ua tiav zoo heev tau dhau los ua cov phab ej tsis muaj npe nrov ntawm kev tsim kho niaj hnub no. Tab sis dab tsi ua rau cov khoom siv qub no - forged tob hauv ntiaj teb ntau lab xyoo - tsis tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom hauv xyoo pua 21st? Thiab vim li cas cov lag luam los ntawm tsheb mus rau kev tsim khoom semiconductor thiaj li vam khom cov khoom granite ntau dua li cov hlau ib txwm muaj?
Kev Tshawb Fawb Tom Qab Pob Zeb: Vim Li Cas Granite Thiaj Li Tseem Ceeb Tshaj Plaws Hauv Kev Ntsuas Qhov Tseeb
Hauv qab qhov chaw ci ntsa iab ntawm txhua lub phaj granite qib 00 muaj ib qho khoom siv geological masterpiece. Tsim los ntawm kev siv magma qeeb qeeb hauv qab qhov siab heev, cov khoom siv pob zeb granite tshwj xeeb - 25-40% quartz, 35-50% feldspar, thiab 5-15% mica - tsim cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom zoo kawg nkaus. "Granite cov qauv crystalline interlocking muab nws qhov ruaj khov tsis sib xws," piav qhia Dr. Elena Marchenko, tus kws tshawb fawb khoom siv ntawm Precision Metrology Institute. "Tsis zoo li hlau cam khwb cia, uas tuaj yeem warp nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv lossis tsim microcracks los ntawm kev qaug zog hlau, granite sab hauv kev ntxhov siab tau raug tshem tawm ntuj tsim ntau txhiab xyoo." Qhov kev ruaj khov no tau ntsuas hauv ISO 8512-2: 2011, tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb uas teeb tsa qhov kev kam rau siab rau qib 00 phaj ntawm ≤3μm / m - txog li 1/20th txoj kab uas hla ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau hla ib-meter span.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm granite nyeem zoo li daim ntawv teev npe xav tau ntawm tus kws ua haujlwm precision. Nrog Rockwell hardness ntawm HS 70-80 thiab compressive zog xws li 2290-3750 kg / cm², nws ua tau zoo dua li cov hlau cam khwb cia los ntawm 2-3 hauv kev tiv thaiv hnav. Nws qhov ceev, teev tseg ntawm ≥2.65g / cm³ los ntawm ASTM C615, muab kev co tshwj xeeb damping - tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas rhiab heev qhov twg txawm tias microscopic oscillations tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv puas tsuaj. Tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv thov metrology, granite yog inherently non-magnetic thiab thermally ruaj khov, nrog rau coefficient ntawm expansion kwv yees li 1/3 ntawm cov hlau. "Hauv peb lub chaw soj ntsuam semiconductor, qhov kub thiab txias ruaj khov yog txhua yam," sau tseg Michael Chen, tus thawj tswj kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm Microchip Technologies. "Lub 00-qib granite nto phaj tswj nws qhov tiaj tiaj hauv 0.5μm dhau 10 ° C kub viav vias, uas tsis yooj yim sua nrog cov hlau phaj."
Cov Ntxig Xov thiab Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Cov Qauv: Engineering Granite rau Kev Tsim Khoom Niaj Hnub
Txawm hais tias granite ntuj tsim muab cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb, kev koom ua ke nws rau hauv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam xav tau kev tsim kho tshwj xeeb. Cov ntxig xov - cov hlau txuas uas tau muab tso rau hauv pob zeb - hloov cov phaj nto passive mus rau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm uas muaj peev xwm ruaj ntseg cov khoom siv, jigs, thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas. "Qhov kev sib tw nrog granite yog tsim cov khoom txuas ruaj ntseg yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nws cov qauv kev ncaj ncees," James Wilson, tus kws tsim khoom ntawm Unparalleled Group, tus thawj coj tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom granite hais. "Tsis zoo li hlau, koj tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog kov cov xov rau hauv granite. Txoj hauv kev tsis raug yuav ua rau tawg lossis spalling."
Cov txheej txheem ntxig xov niaj hnub, zoo li KB tus kheej-locking nias-haum bushes los ntawm AMA Pob Zeb, siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus anchoring tshuab es tsis yog cov nplaum. Cov hlau stainless hlau ntxig no muaj cov hniav hniav uas tom rau hauv granite thaum nias, tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas ruaj ntseg nrog kev tiv thaiv rub tawm txij li 1.1kN txog 5.5kN nyob ntawm qhov loj me. "Peb cov M6 ntxig nrog plaub lub kaus mom ua tiav 4.1kN ntawm lub zog tensile hauv 12mm tuab granite," Wilson piav qhia. "Qhov ntawd txaus los ruaj ntseg cov khoom siv tshuaj xyuas hnyav yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xoob dhau sijhawm." Cov txheej txheem teeb tsa suav nrog pob zeb diamond-core drilling qhov tseeb (feem ntau 12mm txoj kab uas hla) ua raws li kev tswj hwm nias nrog roj hmab mallet - cov txheej txheem tsim los tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm kev ntxhov siab hauv pob zeb.
Rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev hloov kho dua tshiab ntau zaus, cov chaw tsim khoom muab cov phaj granite nrog T-slots—cov channel uas ua kom raug uas tso cai rau kev sib txhuam. Cov qhov hlau no ua kom lub phaj tiaj tus thaum muab kev hloov pauv rau cov teeb tsa nyuaj. "Lub phaj granite 24 x 36 nti nrog T-slots dhau los ua lub platform ntsuas modular," Wilson hais. "Peb cov neeg siv khoom aerospace siv cov no rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov hniav turbine, qhov twg lawv xav tau tso cov probes ntawm ntau lub kaum sab xis yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv."
Los ntawm Chav Kuaj Mob mus rau Kab Ntau Lawm: Kev Siv Cov Cheebtsam Granite Hauv Ntiaj Teb Tiag
Qhov ntsuas tseeb ntawm granite tus nqi yog nyob rau hauv nws qhov kev hloov pauv rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tsheb kauj vab, qhov twg cov khoom siv sib dua xws li carbon fiber xav tau kev sim qaug zog heev, cov phaj granite muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev tshuaj xyuas kev ntxhov siab tseem ceeb. "Peb sim cov thav duab carbon fiber los ntawm kev siv cov khoom thauj cyclic txog li 1200N rau 100,000 lub voj voog," piav qhia Sarah Lopez, tus kws ua haujlwm sim ntawm Trek Bicycle Corporation. "Lub thav duab tau teeb tsa rau ntawm qib 0 granite nto phaj ntsuas nrog cov ntsuas siab. Yog tsis muaj lub phaj lub vibration damping, peb yuav pom cov nyeem tsis tseeb qaug zog los ntawm lub tshuab resonance." Trek cov ntaub ntawv sim qhia tau hais tias cov teeb tsa granite-raws li txo qhov ntsuas variability los ntawm 18% piv rau cov rooj hlau, ncaj qha txhim kho kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom.
Cov chaw tsim khoom tsheb kuj siv granite los sib dhos ua ke kom raug. Lub Hoobkas Spartanburg ntawm BMW siv ntau dua 40 daim phaj granite qib A hauv nws cov kab tsim cav, qhov chaw uas lawv xyuas seb lub taub hau kheej kheej puas tiaj tus li ntawm 2μm. "Qhov chaw sib txuas ntawm lub taub hau kheej kheej yuav tsum kaw zoo meej," Karl-Heinz Müller, tus thawj coj tsim khoom ntawm BMW tau hais. "Qhov chaw nkhaus ua rau roj xau lossis poob kev sib txhuam. Peb cov phaj granite ua rau peb ntseeg siab tias qhov peb ntsuas yog qhov peb tau txais hauv lub cav." Cov ntsuas zoo ntawm lub Hoobkas qhia txog kev txo qis 23% ntawm kev thov lav txog kev ua tsis tiav ntawm lub taub hau gasket tom qab siv cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas granite.
Txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li kev tsim khoom ntxiv, granite ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lub chaw ua haujlwm luam ntawv 3D Protolabs siv cov phaj granite qib 00 los kho nws cov tshuab luam ntawv kev lag luam, kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ua tau raws li cov lus qhia ntawm qhov ntev thoob plaws cov ntim tsim txog li ib lub cubic meter. "Hauv kev luam ntawv 3D, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim muaj cov teebmeem thermal," tus kws ua haujlwm thov Protolabs Ryan Kelly hais. "Peb luam tawm cov khoom siv calibration thiab tshuaj xyuas nws ntawm peb lub phaj granite. Qhov no tso cai rau peb kho rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tshuab ua ntej nws cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. "Lub tuam txhab tshaj tawm tias cov txheej txheem no tswj qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw hauv ± 0.05 hli rau txhua qhov khoom luam tawm.
Kev Paub Txog Tus Neeg Siv: Vim Li Cas Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm Nyiam Granite Hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm Txhua Hnub
Tshaj li cov lus qhia txog kev siv tshuab, cov phaj granite nto tau khwv tau lawv lub koob npe nrov los ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev siv hauv ntiaj teb tiag. Amazon Industrial cov neeg siv khoom 4.8-lub hnub qub kev tshuaj xyuas qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo uas cuam tshuam nrog cov engineers thiab cov kws kho tshuab. "Qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov porous yog qhov hloov pauv rau cov chaw ua haujlwm," sau ib tus neeg yuav khoom uas tau txheeb xyuas. "Roj, coolant, thiab cov kua ntxuav so tawm yam tsis muaj staining - ib yam dab tsi uas cov phaj hlau cam khwb cia yeej tsis tuaj yeem ua tau." Lwm tus neeg tshuaj xyuas sau tseg cov txiaj ntsig txij nkawm: "Kuv tau muaj lub phaj no tau xya xyoo, thiab nws tseem tswj tau calibration. Tsis muaj xeb, tsis muaj pleev xim, tsuas yog ntxuav qee zaum nrog cov tshuaj ntxuav tsis muaj zog."
Qhov kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm nrog granite kuj yeej cov neeg hloov siab. Nws qhov chaw du thiab txias muab lub platform ruaj khov rau kev ntsuas me me, thaum nws qhov ceev ntuj (feem ntau 2700-2850 kg / m³) muab nws qhov hnyav uas ua rau nws ntseeg siab uas txo qis kev txav mus los tsis raug. "Muaj ib qho laj thawj uas cov chaw kuaj mob metrology tau siv granite rau ntau tiam neeg," Thomas Wright, tus thawj tswj hwm kev tswj hwm zoo so haujlwm nrog 40 xyoo ntawm kev paub hais. "Nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li zoo li hlau cam khwb cia. Koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub ntsuas qhov tseeb yam tsis txhawj txog kev khawb qhov chaw, thiab kev hloov pauv kub hauv khw tsis ua rau koj cov kev ntsuas tsis zoo."
Rau cov neeg txhawj xeeb txog qhov hnyav—tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov phaj loj dua—cov chaw tsim khoom muab cov sawv ntsug uas ua tiav qhov tseeb uas ua rau kev tuav yooj yim thaum tseem tswj tau qhov ruaj khov. Cov sawv ntsug no feem ntau muaj cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa tsib-taw tes nrog cov ntsia hlau hloov kho tau, ua rau muaj kev sib dhos meej txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov plag tsev tsis sib xws. "Peb lub phaj 48 x 72 nti hnyav li 1200 phaus," Wilson los ntawm Unparalleled Group hais. "Tab sis nrog lub sawv ntsug zoo, ob tus neeg tuaj yeem ua kom nws sib npaug zoo hauv qab 30 feeb." Cov sawv ntsug kuj tseem tsa lub phaj kom siab ua haujlwm tau zoo (feem ntau yog 32-36 ntiv tes), txo qhov nkees ntawm tus neeg teb xov tooj thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas ntev.
Qhov Zoo ntawm Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Granite's Environmental Edge hauv Kev Tsim Khoom
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog uas tsom mus rau kev ruaj khov, cov khoom granite muab cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig uas tsis tau xav txog piv rau lawv cov hlau sib piv. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntuj ntawm granite tshem tawm qhov kev tsim khoom siv zog ntau uas xav tau rau cov hlau cam khwb cia lossis cov hlau phaj. "Kev tsim cov hlau cam khwb cia phaj nto yuav tsum tau yaj cov hlau ore ntawm 1500 ° C, uas tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau," piav qhia tus kws ua haujlwm ib puag ncig Dr. Lisa Wong ntawm Green Manufacturing Institute. "Cov hlau granite, los ntawm kev sib piv, tsuas yog xav tau txiav, sib tsoo, thiab polishing - cov txheej txheem uas siv zog tsawg dua 70%.
Lub neej ntev ntawm Granite ua rau nws cov qauv ib puag ncig zoo dua. Lub phaj granite uas tau saib xyuas zoo tuaj yeem siv tau 30-50 xyoo, piv rau 10-15 xyoo rau cov phaj hlau uas raug xeb thiab hnav. "Peb qhov kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tau hais tias cov phaj granite muaj 1/3 ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv," Dr. Wong hais. "Thaum koj suav nrog cov nqi hloov pauv uas zam tau thiab txo kev saib xyuas, qhov teeb meem kev ruaj khov yuav ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab."
Rau cov tuam txhab uas ua raws li daim ntawv pov thawj ISO 14001, cov khoom siv granite pab txhawb rau ntau lub hom phiaj ib puag ncig, suav nrog kev txo cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua rau kev tswj huab cua. "Granite lub thermal stability txhais tau tias peb tuaj yeem tswj peb lub chaw soj ntsuam metrology ntawm 22 ± 2 ° C es tsis yog 20 ± 0.5 ° C xav tau rau cov phaj hlau," sau tseg Microchip's Michael Chen. "Qhov kev kam rau siab 1.5 ° C ntawd txo peb cov kev siv hluav taws xob HVAC los ntawm 18% txhua xyoo."
Ua Qhov Teeb Meem: Thaum Twg Yuav Tsum Nqis Peev Rau Qib 00 vs. Granite Qib Lag Luam
Nrog rau tus nqi txij li $ 500 rau cov phaj qib B me me mus rau ntau dua $ 10,000 rau cov phaj chav kuaj loj qib 00, kev xaiv cov phaj granite saum npoo zoo yuav tsum tau sib npaug qhov xav tau kev ua haujlwm raug nrog rau kev txwv nyiaj txiag. Qhov tseem ceeb yog nkag siab txog qhov kev xav tau qhov tseeb txhais li cas rau kev ua tau zoo hauv ntiaj teb tiag. "Qib 00 yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov chaw kuaj xyuas qhov twg koj tab tom txheeb xyuas cov blocks gage lossis teeb tsa cov qauv tswv," Wilson qhia. "Tab sis lub khw muag tshuab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv tshuab tsuas yog xav tau qib A, uas muab qhov tiaj tiaj hauv 6μm / m - ntau dua li txaus rau feem ntau qhov kev kuaj xyuas qhov ntev."
Lub matrix kev txiav txim siab feem ntau los txog rau peb yam tseem ceeb: qhov kev ntsuas tsis paub meej, kev ruaj khov ib puag ncig, thiab lub neej ua haujlwm xav tau. Rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb xws li kev tshuaj xyuas semiconductor wafer, qhov twg nanometer-level precision yog xav tau, kev nqis peev hauv qib 00 yog qhov tsis zam tau. "Peb siv qib 00 phaj rau peb cov kab ke lithography," Chen lees paub. "Qhov ± 0.5μm flatness ncaj qha pab txhawb rau peb lub peev xwm los luam tawm 7nm circuits."
Rau kev tsim khoom dav dav, cov phaj qib A muab cov nqi zoo tshaj plaws. Cov no tswj qhov tiaj tiaj hauv 6μm / m hla 1-meter span - ntau dua li txaus rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv hauv tsheb lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. "Peb cov phaj qib A 24 x 36 nti pib ntawm $ 1,200," Wilson hais. "Rau lub khw ua haujlwm ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas thawj zaug, qhov ntawd yog ib feem ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas sib koom ua ke, tab sis nws yog lub hauv paus rau tag nrho lawv cov kev ntsuas tes."
Kev Txij Nkawm Tseem Ceeb: Khaws Granite Qhov Kev Ntsuas Kom Tseeb Tau Ntau Xyoo
Txawm hais tias granite yog ib yam khoom siv ruaj khov, kev saib xyuas kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom khaws nws qhov tseeb. Cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb yog cov khoom ua qias neeg, cov tshuaj lom neeg nchuav, thiab kev siv tsis raug. "Qhov yuam kev loj tshaj plaws uas kuv pom yog siv cov tshuaj ntxuav abrasive lossis steel wool," Wilson ceeb toom. "Qhov ntawd tuaj yeem khawb qhov chaw polished thiab tsim cov chaw siab uas ua rau cov kev ntsuas tsis zoo." Hloov chaw, cov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo cov tshuaj ntxuav pH-neutral uas tsim tshwj xeeb rau granite, zoo li SPI's 15-551-5 surface plate cleaner, uas tshem tawm cov roj thiab cov dej txias yam tsis ua rau lub pob zeb puas tsuaj.
Kev saib xyuas txhua hnub suav nrog kev so qhov chaw nrog daim ntaub tsis muaj plaub thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav me me, tom qab ntawd ziab kom huv si kom tiv thaiv cov dej ntws. Rau cov khoom qias neeg ntau dua li cov kua hydraulic, cov tshuaj txhuam ntawm cov baking soda thiab dej tuaj yeem rub tawm cov roj yam tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg hnyav. "Peb cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm kom kho lub phaj granite zoo li lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm raug," Lopez ntawm Trek Bicycle hais. "Tsis txhob teeb tsa cov cuab yeej ncaj qha, ib txwm siv daim lev huv, thiab npog lub phaj thaum tsis siv."
Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua—feem ntau yog txhua xyoo rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab ob zaug ib xyoos rau cov chaw kuaj—ua kom lub phaj tswj tau nws qhov tiaj tiaj. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv laser interferometers lossis optical flats los kos duab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw. "Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas tus kws tshaj lij raug nqi $ 200-300 tab sis ntes tau cov teeb meem ua ntej lawv cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom," Wilson qhia. Feem ntau cov chaw tsim khoom muab cov kev pabcuam ntsuas qhov ntsuas uas taug qab tau raws li cov qauv NIST, muab cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau kev ua raws li ISO 9001.
Yav Tom Ntej ntawm Kev Ua Kom Tseeb: Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab hauv Granite Technology
Thaum kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv granite tseem pheej poob qis, cov thev naus laus zis granite tab tom hloov pauv kom tau raws li cov teeb meem tshiab. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab tsis ntev los no suav nrog cov qauv granite sib xyaw ua ke - pob zeb uas muaj cov roj carbon fiber ntxiv rau kev ua kom ruaj khov - thiab cov sensor arrays uas saib xyuas qhov kub thiab qhov tiaj tiaj ntawm qhov chaw tiag tiag. "Peb tab tom tsim cov phaj granite ntse nrog cov thermocouples embedded," Wilson qhia. "Cov no yuav ceeb toom cov neeg ua haujlwm txog qhov kub thiab txias uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuas, muab lwm txheej ntawm kev lees paub zoo."
Kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab kuj tseem ua rau cov ntawv thov granite ntau dua li cov phaj nto ib txwm muaj. 5-axis CNC machining centers tam sim no tsim cov khoom granite nyuaj xws li lub rooj zaum optical thiab cov cuab yeej tshuab nrog kev kam rau ua ntej rau cov khoom hlau. "Peb cov tshuab granite bases muaj 30% zoo dua kev co damping dua li cov hlau cam khwb cia sib npaug," Wilson hais. "Qhov no tso cai rau cov chaw machining kom ua tiav cov khoom tiav zoo dua ntawm cov khoom precision."
Tej zaum qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws yog lub peev xwm rau cov granite rov ua dua tshiab hauv kev tsim khoom ruaj khov. Cov tuam txhab tab tom tsim cov txheej txheem los rov qab siv cov pob zeb pov tseg los ntawm cov chaw txua zeb thiab cov khw tsim khoom, hloov nws mus rau hauv cov phaj precision los ntawm kev sib txuas resin siab heev. "Cov khoom siv granite rov ua dua tshiab no khaws cia 85% ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov granite ntuj ntawm 40% tus nqi qis dua," Dr. Wong sau tseg. "Peb pom kev txaus siab los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb uas tab tom nrhiav kev txo lawv cov teeb meem ib puag ncig."
Xaus Lus: Vim Li Cas Granite Tseem Yog Lub Hauv Paus Ntawm Kev Tsim Khoom Uas Muaj Kev Ntsuas Zoo
Hauv lub ntiaj teb uas thev naus laus zis digital tswj hwm ntau zuj zus, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov phaj granite saum npoo hais txog lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev ntsuas zoo. Txij li cov phaj qib 00 uas kho cov cuab yeej uas tsim peb lub xov tooj ntse mus rau cov phaj qib B uas tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv tsheb kauj vab hauv cov khw hauv zos, granite muab cov ntaub ntawv tsis hloov pauv uas txhua qhov kev ntsuas raug txiav txim siab. Nws qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ruaj khov ntuj, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab lub neej ntev ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub.
Thaum cov lag luam thawb mus rau qhov kev kam rau siab dua thiab cov chaw tsim khoom ntse dua, cov khoom siv granite yuav txuas ntxiv hloov pauv - kev koom ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg, cov sensors, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thaum khaws cia qhov ruaj khov ntawm geological uas ua rau lawv muaj nqis heev. "Yav tom ntej ntawm kev tsim khoom yog tsim los ntawm yav dhau los," Wilson hais. "Granite tau ntseeg siab rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo, thiab nrog cov kev tsim kho tshiab, nws yuav tseem yog tus qauv kub rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb rau ntau xyoo tom ntej."
Rau cov engineers, cov thawj coj zoo, thiab cov kws tshaj lij tsim khoom uas tab tom nrhiav kev txhim kho lawv cov peev xwm ntsuas, cov lus yog meej: kev nqis peev rau hauv lub phaj granite zoo tshaj plaws tsis yog tsuas yog yuav ib lub cuab yeej xwb - nws yog hais txog kev tsim kom muaj lub hauv paus rau kev ua tau zoo uas yuav xa cov txiaj ntsig rau ntau tiam neeg. Raws li ib tus neeg tshuaj xyuas Amazon tau hais meej meej: "Koj tsis yog yuav lub phaj granite xwb. Koj nqis peev rau ntau xyoo ntawm kev ntsuas raug, kev tshuaj xyuas txhim khu kev qha, thiab kev ntseeg siab hauv kev tsim khoom." Hauv kev lag luam uas qhov tseeb txhais tau tias kev vam meej, qhov ntawd yog kev nqis peev uas ib txwm them nyiaj faib.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-27-2025