Hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv precision industrial, qhov ruaj khov ntawm granite feem ntau nyob ntawm nws cov khoom siv minerals, qhov ceev ntawm cov qauv, thiab cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub cev (xws li coefficient ntawm thermal expansion, dej nqus dej, thiab compressive zog), es tsis yog nws cov xim nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, xim feem ntau tsis qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv minerals thiab kev tsim ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev siv ua haujlwm, granite ntawm qee cov xim tau nyiam dua vim nws cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Cov hauv qab no yog qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb:
I. Kev Sib Txuas Tsis Ncaj Qha ntawm Xim thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Cov xim ntawm granite yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov khoom siv hauv cov pob zeb, thiab cov khoom siv hauv cov pob zeb cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws cov khoom siv lub cev:
Xim granite sib dua (xws li dawb greyish, liab dawb)
Cov khoom siv hauv av: Feem ntau yog quartz thiab feldspar (suav txog li 60% txog 80%), nrog rau me me ntawm mica lossis amphibole.
Quartz (nrog qhov ceev ntawm 2.65g / cm³) thiab feldspar (nrog qhov ceev ntawm 2.5-2.8g / cm³) muaj qhov nyuaj siab, muaj zog tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, thiab qhov coefficient qis ntawm thermal expansion (feem ntau 5-8 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃), thiab tsis yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv kub.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv: Tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig geological ruaj khov (xws li qeeb txias hauv qhov chaw ntiav ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub crust), nrog cov khoom siv crystalline sib xws, cov qauv ntom ntom, porosity tsawg (0.3% - 0.7%), tus nqi nqus dej tsawg (<0.15%), thiab muaj zog tiv taus deformation.
Cov ntawv thov ib txwm muaj: Cov khoom siv tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej siv kho qhov muag kom raug (xws li cov tshuab photolithography), uas yuav tsum tswj kom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev ntev.
granite tsaus nti (xws li dub, ntsuab tsaus)
Cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zaub mov: Nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov hlau thiab magnesium minerals (xws li amphibole, biotite, pyroxene), thiab ib feem muaj cov hlau hnyav minerals xws li magnetite thiab ilmenite.
Amphibole (qhov ceev 3.0-3.4g/cm³) thiab biotite (qhov ceev 2.7-3.1g/cm³) muaj qhov ceev sib txawv, tab sis lawv cov coefficients ntawm thermal expansion yog me ntsis siab dua li cov ntawm quartz (txog li 8-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃), thiab lawv cov qauv yuav raug hloov me ntsis vim yog qhov oxidation ntawm cov hlau-muaj cov zaub mov.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv: Feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab siab (xws li txias sai ntawm magma tob), nrog cov khoom siv crystalline ntxhib thiab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv ceev. Qee cov granite tsaus nti (xws li Jinan Green) muaj cov qauv sib xws thiab ruaj khov dua vim yog qhov ua haujlwm magmatic hnyav thiab tso tawm tag nrho ntawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.
Cov ntawv thov ib txwm muaj: Cov hauv paus cuab yeej siv tshuab hnyav, cov tshuab ntsuas loj (CMM), uas yuav tsum tau tiv taus cov khoom thauj siab thiab kev cuam tshuam.
II. Cov Cim Qhia Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ruaj Ntseg hauv Cov Xwm Txheej Kev Lag Luam
Txawm yog xim dab tsi los xij, cov kev cai tseem ceeb rau granite hauv cov khoom siv precision industrial muaj xws li:
Kev ruaj khov ntawm cua sov
Muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov hom uas muaj qhov coefficient qis ntawm kev nthuav dav thermal (<8 × 10⁻⁶/℃) kom tsis txhob muaj qhov yuam kev ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev hloov pauv kub. Cov granite xim dawb (xws li sesame dawb) muaj kev ruaj khov thermal zoo dua vim nws cov quartz ntau.
Kev sib dhos ua ke ntawm cov qauv
Granite nrog porosity tsawg dua 0.5% thiab tus nqi nqus dej tsawg dua 0.1% tsis yooj yim rau adsorbing dej noo lossis impurities thiab tsis zoo li yuav deform dhau kev siv ntev. Ob qho tib si Jinan Ntsuab hauv granite tsaus nti (nrog porosity ntawm 0.3%) thiab Shanxi Dub hauv lub teeb granite (nrog porosity ntawm 0.2%) ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov ceev ceev.
Lub zog kho tshuab
Lub zog compressive yog ntau dua 150MPa thiab lub zog flexural yog ntau dua 12MPa, ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev ntawm kev nqa cov khoom siv precision. Cov granite tsaus nti (xws li Indian dub) feem ntau muaj lub zog kho tshuab siab dua vim muaj cov hlau thiab magnesium minerals thiab tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej hnyav.
Kev tiv thaiv xeb tshuaj lom neeg
Quartz thiab feldspar muaj zog tiv taus acid thiab alkali corrosion. Yog li ntawd, granite xim dawb (xws li sesame grey) yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau cov chaw corrosive hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thiab semiconductor.
Iii. Cov Kev Xaiv Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Teeb Meem hauv Kev Lag Luam
Xim granite dawb: Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov xwm txheej siab
Cov hom sawv cev:
Sesame Dawb: Tsim tawm hauv Fujian, nws yog xim grey daj, nrog cov ntsiab lus quartz ntau dua 70%. Nws cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion yog 6 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃. Nws yog siv rau hauv semiconductor lithography tshuab platforms thiab aerospace tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv.
Jinan Ntsuab: Xim av tsaus, cov qauv sib xws, lub zog compressive 240MPa, feem ntau siv rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuab ntsuas kev sib koom tes (CMM).
Qhov Zoo: Kev sib xws xim zoo, ua kom yooj yim rau kev kho qhov muag ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag; Nws muaj qhov hloov pauv me me ntawm thermal thiab tsim nyog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug ntawm nanometer.
Pob zeb granite tsaus: Nyiam siv rau cov khoom siv hnyav thiab tiv taus kev cuam tshuam
Cov hom sawv cev:
Dub Galaxy: Xim dub, muaj ilmenite, nrog qhov ceev ntawm 3.05g / cm³ thiab lub zog compressive ntawm 280MPa. Nws yog siv rau cov cuab yeej siv tshuab hnyav thiab cov khoom siv tsim khoom tsheb.
Mongolian dub: Tsaus ntsuab, feem ntau yog amphibole, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam muaj zog, siv rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv mining.
Qhov Zoo: Kev ceev ceev, muaj zog rigidity, muaj peev xwm nqus tau kev co tshuab, tsim nyog rau cov chaw ua haujlwm siab.
Plaub. Xaus Lus: Xim tsis yog qhov txiav txim siab; kev ua tau zoo yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb
Xim ≠ ruaj khov: Ob qho tib si granite xim dawb thiab granite xim tsaus muaj ntau yam ruaj khov heev. Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov huv ntawm cov mineral, qhov sib xws ntawm cov qauv, thiab cov cim qhia lub cev.
Txoj cai hloov kho qhov xwm txheej:
Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag/hluav taws xob uas raug: Xaiv cov xim dawb uas muaj cov quartz ntau (xws li cov sesame dawb), uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm thermal thiab qhov raug ntawm qhov chaw.
Cov tshuab hnyav/cov cuab yeej siv tshuab ua lag luam: Xaiv cov xim tsaus, cov hom magnesium ore uas muaj hlau ntau (xws li Jinan xiav), uas ua rau muaj zog thiab tiv taus kev cuam tshuam.
Cov lus qhia txog kev yuav khoom: Txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv xws li cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion, water absorption rate, thiab compressive strength los ntawm cov ntawv qhia kev sim (xws li GB/T 18601-2020 "Natural Granite Building Slabs"), es tsis txhob txiav txim los ntawm xim xwb.
Xaus lus, hauv kev lag luam, kev xaiv granite ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tau zoo thiab ntxiv rau xim. Yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas kom meej ua ke nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov chaw siv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-19-2025